China's economy has been transformed dramatically since it opened to international trade. Through low labour and manufacturing costs, China grew to be one of the biggest exporting countries worldwide. While China was still relatively poor in the 1970s, it is now a middle middle- income country with growing economic development (Prasad 2023, World Bank 2023b). Besides China's strong export market, its domestic consumer market has grown tremendously due to higher available incomes and accounts for a majority o f its GDP (Atsmon et al. 2012; Ho et al. 2019). However, even though extreme poverty has decreased dramatically in recent years, rural Chinese provinces still struggle with low economic development. More recently, China started to push industrialisation an d advance into high high-quality manufacturing and development (Bei 2018, Tao et al. 2022). Exporting goods makes up to 20 per cent of China's GDP (World Bank 2023c). In the past decade, China started reorienting its national cooperations and has begun challeng ing Western markets with high high-end technology products.